English Literature Notes

                                                -------  GIEVE PATEL 1. "It takes  much time to kill a tree"- Why does it take much time to kil a tree? According to the poet how is the tree finally killed? How does a tree offer resistance to its destruction? How does its resistance fail?  Why does "it takes much time to a kill" a tree? How is the tree finally killed? The poem uses the word 'killed' instead of ' cutting down' a tree to indicate( দেখানো) the importance of the destruction and mutilation(অঙ্গহীনত্ব) of this tragic act.For this the murderer ie man has to follow a perfect procedure (পদ্ধতি). A simple pruning( ছাঁটা) will not be enough as the plant will heal its wounds very quickly.The small branches will regrow (পুনরায় বেড়ে উঠা) and gradually assume( শুরু করা) their original shape and thus resist its destruction(ধ্বংস).To stop this, the plant must be completely uprooted from the ground. A strong rope must be tied to it and with that hel

                        KARMA                                         Khushwant Sing 1. Bring out the significance of the title ' Karma '. Or Discuss the central idea of the story ' Karma ' The term 'karma' expresses the Hindu religious concept of the result and subsequent effects of one's actions. The story revolves around the identity of Sir Mohanlal. Sir Mohanlal had a negative view and attitude towards all things Indian and was influenced by the British people and culture. On the other hand his wife Lachmi is a village woman. Although Sir Mohanlal abused Lachmi, Lachmi never complained against her husband. Mohanlal liked British customs and sought the company of the English. When two English soldiers entered the same room, Mohanlal made up his mind to welcome them. But the English could not tolerate the presence of an Indian in their room and threw him out of the room along with his belongings. Thus Sir Mohanlal's karma of his display of false pride

                          AS YOU LIKE IT                                     W. Shakespeare  1. "The inspiration that the youth got from the ladies worked wonders for him..... " Describe the wrestling match between Oliver and Orlando in the light of this statement . The wrestling match helps to develop the play. Orlando is about to face the best wrestlers backed by the King. Duke Frederick, fearing that Orlando might lose his life in this unequal contest, begs Celia and Rosalind to dissuade him from participating in the contest. But the women's sympathetic words make Orlando more determined. Celia wants the inexperienced young man not to get hurt, while Rosalind is more concerned about the unknown young man as they are both victims of bad luck. This inspiration from the young women makes the young man more fearless and he defeats his opponents. The wrestling match plays a very important role since that is when the love story between Rosalind and Orlando begins. The moment

                  ASLEEP IN THE VALLEY                                        Arthur Rimbaud  1. Justify the title of the poem - 'Asleep in the Valley'. Or. How does the poet express the futility of war through his poem 'Asleep in the Valley'. The central theme of the poem 'Asleep in the Valley' is the futility and meaninglessness of war. Rimbaud himself has witnessed the horrors of war as a soldier and in this poem he reveals his strong anti-war attitude by expressing the tragic aspects of war. The poem presents us with a picture of a young soldier who rests in a small green valley among flowers and buzzing insects. He lies open mouthed with one hand on his chest and a soft smile on his lips.This peaceful picture suddenly changes when we find two red holes on his body.  Bullet marks on the side of his body placed the soldier in a discriminatory position with a beautiful view. The beauty of nature is destroyed by the brutal violence of war.  The soldier's

                                        Leela's Friend                                          R.k Narayan 1 . Discuss the Character of Sidda.  Sidda was a poor boy. He belonged to a poor society.  Sidda was assigned to the house of the Shivashankar Is especially for his cleanliness. He was assigned to do laundry, tend to the garden, run errands, chop wood and take care of 5-year-old Leela. He used to obey Leela's orders.  He was a patient playmate and highly imaginative. He was able at perceiving the mind of children and possessed a present wit. He was a good story teller and could tell amazing stories that filled Leela's mind with wonder. Sidda had to suffer the humiliation of losing the gold chain.  He was subjected to cruel exploitation by the upper class.  Here Sidda is a tragic character.  He is deprived of justice . 2. Discuss the character of Leela. Leela is the main character of the story by R.K Narayan ' Leela's Friend' . She is the only child of Mr

                      THE COMEDY OF ERRORS 1. Explain the significance of the title of the story THE COMEDY OF ERRORS By discussing the subject matter of the COMEDY OF ERRORS , we may judge the propriety of its name.The basic story formula revolves around two pairs of identical twins who are separated from each other and happen to meet at the same place.One pair of twins was named Antipholus and the other pair was named Dromio.This creates a massive confusion.These confusions lead to false accusations of marital infidelity.The story of Dromio and Antipholus' dinner at Aadriana's house, the incident of the gold necklace, and encountering the strange situation of the younger Antipholus near Ephesus.Finally all the confusion and misunderstandings are resolved when two pairs of twins, Antipholus and Dromio, come face to face and shock everyone around them.The audience witnesses the dialogue throughout the play and the many unintended blunders the main characters fall into. That'